Articles
The Lancet, Volume 370, Issue 9588, Pages 676 - 684, 25 August 2007

Prof Djillali Annane MD a , Prof Philippe Vignon MD b, Alain Renault PhD c, Prof Pierre-Edouard Bollaert MD d, Claire Charpentier MD e, Prof Claude Martin MD f, Gilles Troché MD g, Prof Jean-Damien Ricard MD h, Gérard Nitenberg MD i, Prof Laurent Papazian MD j, Prof Elie Azoulay MD k, Prof Eric Bellissant MD l, for the CATS Study Group‡

Summary

Background
International guidelines for management of septic shock recommend that dopamine or norepinephrine are preferable to epinephrine. However, no large comparative trial has yet been done. We aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of norepinephrine plus dobutamine (whenever needed) with those of epinephrine alone in septic shock.
Methods
This prospective, multicentre, randomised, double-blind study was done in 330 patients with septic shock admitted to one of 19 participating intensive care units in France. Participants were assigned to receive epinephrine (n=161) or norepinephrine plus dobutamine (n=169), which were titrated to maintain mean blood pressure at 70 mm Hg or more. The primary outcome was 28-day all-cause mortality. Analyses were by intention to treat. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00148278.
Findings
There were no patients lost to follow-up; one patient withdrew consent after 3 days. At day 28, there were 64 (40%) deaths in the epinephrine group and 58 (34%) deaths in the norepinephrine plus dobutamine group (p=0·31; relative risk 0·86, 95% CI 0·65-1·14). There was no significant difference between the two groups in mortality rates at discharge from intensive care (75 [47%] deaths vs 75 [44%] deaths, p=0·69), at hospital discharge (84 [52%] vs 82 [49%], p=0·51), and by day 90 (84 [52%] vs 85 [50%], p=0·73), time to haemodynamic success (log-rank p=0·67), time to vasopressor withdrawal (log-rank p=0·09), and time course of SOFA score. Rates of serious adverse events were also similar.
Interpretation
There is no evidence for a difference in efficacy and safety between epinephrine alone and norepinephrine plus dobutamine for the management of septic shock.